My Assumptions About China And Chinese Culture - 1069 Words

Introduction Doing business in China may require more patience and understanding the culture before adventuring in taking a foreign assignment. There are several factors that need to be looked at before taking the assignment, knowledge, skills, and culture understanding, knowing how to negotiate and knowing when to except the idea. There are traditions and customs that China has that have to be known before anyone conducting business in China needs to know. China is based on an old system of proper manners and etiquette when doing business. Doing business in China you need to know their customs and know how to communicate effectively but there are more things that need to be looked at such as political differences, building trust and respecting Chinese culture. As part of this paper I will answer several questions about my assumptions about China, adjusting my behavior on a business trip to China, Chinese managers running a business in the United States and if I would be less i nterested in taking a foreign assignment. Has the presentation challenged any assumptions you had about china and the Chinese people? Yes, I think the assumptions are how the media has described China and how they are promoting self interest over the company they work for and how forward they are and how they will just pop in without any appointments. The one thing that stood out is how, managers unanimously indicated that speed of decision making and execution in China is extraordinaryShow MoreRelatedThe U Curve Model Of Adaptation1623 Words   |  7 Pagesexamines the process of adapting cultural values among Africans migrants in China. 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Hubbert conducted her fieldwork atRead MoreThe Old People s Republic Of China1373 Words   |  6 Pageswhole social culture. In the old People’s Republic of China (PRC) society, which is before the great reform and opening (before 1970’s), Chinese think marriage is not a personal thing, to chose who will be the one to spend the life with is not completely depends on the favors and wills from both two parties, but more to the restriction of the family and social culture. Hence, the standard and concept of choosing spouse is inevitably restricted by certain social and historical culture. The differentRead MoreHa Jin – The Bridegroom Essay1161 Words   |  5 PagesHa Jin – The Bridegroom Described as utopian in nature, the Chinese culture is often in pursuit for the perfect individual, a harmonious and structured society where the citizens as a whole create the ideal culture. 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Finally, I will talk about the experience of being managedRead MoreBehavioral Differences Of Multicultural Team Working With Models Of National Cultural Differences1481 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The precise meaning of culture seems too difficult to grasp, but it might be described as shared values, behaviors and assumptions that distinguish one group from another and are passed on from one generation to the next (Schein. E, 1990). Culture can leave a very significant influence on cognition and perception without even being aware of it (Schneider S.C., Barsoux J.L. and Stahl G.K., 2014). So culture differs from country to country at some extent. National cultural differencesRead MoreDoing Business In China Summary1605 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness in China, I assumed that business was a universal thing around the world. I assumed that business was the same in all countries. I assumed that every country had the same end goals when it came to business. As a result, I assumed that all countries followed a similar template for how business negotiations work. I was under the assumption that business was all about numbers and money; I didn’t expect to see so much energy foc used on creating relationships. I originally assumed China was a very

Downsizing And Organizational Culture Essay - 5490 Words

Downsizing and Organizational Culture Table of Contents Chapter 1........................................................................................................................1 Chapter 2........................................................................................................................2 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Organizational Culture Defined........................................................................2 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Downsizing Defined............................................................................................3 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Culture†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A truer and fuller understanding of the forces shaping and thrusting downsizing forward today comes from an appreciation of increased global competition; changing technologies, which in turn are profoundly impacting the nature of work; increasing availability of a contingent work force 4; and shifting balance of power among organizational constituents away from rank and file employees and in the direction of shareholders and the chief executives who serve as their proxy. When we conceptualize downsizing within these broader frameworks, it becomes clear that we are speaking of downsizing both as a response to and as a catalyst of organizational culture change. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This article will later provide a formal definition of quot;organizational culturequot;. For the moment, it is suggested that culture is to an organization what personality is to an individual. As with personality, change takes time and may be hard to discern, especially for persons inside the organization. This article will argue that, ultimately, the most prominent effects of downsizing will be in relation to culture change, not in relation to saved costs or short-term productivity gains. Key drivers of organizational culture will tend to shape an organization’s approach to downsizing. For whose benefit does the organization exist? What are the basic assumptions among people who work in the organization? 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Does decreasing the number of employees always save an organization/company money? Why or why not? 3. How would you select a â€Å"qualified person† for a position? What aboutRead MoreReengineering the Corporation1547 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Reengineering the Corporation†, Hammer and Champy create a new frame of managerial relations and organizational bureaucracy. The authors address such important problems as impact of technology on business environment, new labor relations and organizational structures affected a modern corporation. The book consists of 13 chapters and an Epilogue discussing different problems and issue of modern organizational bureaucracy. The authors criticize old approaches to management based on Adam Smith s divisionRead MoreHrm Downsiz Case1451 Words   |  6 PagesRestructuring†¦ Focus on Downsizing as a Main HR Strategy†¦ why†¦? and How†¦? Benefits and Effects†¦ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Prepared by: 1- Essam Gayad 2- Majed Mourtada 3- Alaa AldIn Jajah MBA6 -HRM Profile Overview It is said that the only thing that is constant in this world is ‘change’. This particular maxim is clearly manifested in the ever-changing business organizations we have today. ï‚ § Downsizing is an extremely a relevantRead MoreBarriers to Effective Downsizing Change Management4479 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿Barriers to Effective Downsizing Change Management Page 2 ________________________________________________________________________ Barriers to Effective Downsizing Change Management Table of Contents Introduction 2 Overview of Downsizing Change Management 3 Common Barriers to Effective Downsizing Change Management 4 i. Employee Retention Related Barrier 5 ii. Avoiding Hard Landings 6 iii. Employees and Employers Political

Whaling One of the Big Issues in the World Free Essays

Whaling Whaling is the hunting of whales and it is one of the big issues in the world. Japan is one of the pro-whaling countries and a majority of the Western countries are objecting to Japan. However, this essay would like to insist that whaling is a part of the Japanese rural traditional culture, so it is important for some Japanese people. We will write a custom essay sample on Whaling: One of the Big Issues in the World or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, the essay support the idea that whale hunting should not be prohibited. This essay aims to tell people who do not know about Japanese whaling well that the true Japanese attitude toward whaling is very different from what they imagine, and o clear up an opponent’s misunderstanding of it. What are the motivations for whaling in Japan? What are the social implications of whaling in Japan? I will answer to these questions. First of all, the biggest reason why a lot of countries oppose whaling is that whales are endangered species. However, the truth is Japan is hunting adequate numbers concerning the numbers of whales to prevent them from becoming extinct. In the world, it is said, â€Å"there are 84 species of whales† and â€Å"out of all of the 84 species, only a limited number traditionally have been hunted, such as blue whales, fin whales, inke whales, humpback whales, sperm whales and gray whales† Oapan Whaling Association). According to Gardiner, â€Å"When whales were over-hunted, species such as blue whales and right whales were reduced to very low population levels, but these species now have been fully protected for decades â€Å"(21). Then, Japan is not hunting these species and strongly believes that they should continue to be protected. On the other hand, there are species which are abundant enough that marine management is needed, † such as the Antarctic and northwestern Pacific minke hales and northwestern Pacific Bryde’s whales† Oapan Whaling Association). Gardiner also said that â€Å"there are three times as many minke whales as there were 30 years ago, and humpbacks are increasing by 17 percent a year† (21). Actually, for example, â€Å"Antarctic minke whales are hunted 850 out of 442,000 by Japan, and this amount is only 0. 2% of 442,000† Oapan Whaling Association). Thus, thanks to the advanced use of computers, we can obtain precise and clear data of the numbers of whales, so IWC, The International Whaling Commission, is the global ntergovernmental body charged with the conservation of whales and the management of whaling, can determine appropriate numbers of whales to catch quotas on a stock by stock basis. Therefore, Japanese whaling will not harm the health of the whale populations. No whales have ever been hunted to extinction, nor will they be. Then why is Japan still hunting whales in spite of being opposed by many countries? It is because hunting whales and eating their meat is the Japanese traditional culture. Japanese people have been living with whales from prehistoric age until now. During this long history, whaling culture such as songs, dances, and traditional crafts have begun through whaling. On the other side of the coin, Japanese people have received benefits from whaling. In fact, there is a faith in whales which is for holding a memorial service for whales by way of warning because Japanese people know that taking their lives is a really serious matter. Peace said that â€Å"the Japanese do not attach the same significance to the whale as Westerners do because of the way it is culturally categorized† (7). Then, â€Å"the whale falls into the ategory of fish rather than mammal: the character for Whale’ has two parts, the first being the sign for a fish† (Peace 7). Therefore, it also shows clearly that there is a big cultural difference between Japan and Westerners, and it is very difficult to bridge the gap. Morishita also argued that â€Å"Japan, with limited grazing land and adherence to Buddhist teachings that prohibited eating of land mammals, has long resorted to the oceans to supply its animal protein. This is why we consider our food culture a ‘seafood culture’ in contrast to the European and US’ cattle culture’. † We recognize hat there are diverse food cultures in the world, and some people only accept eating of pigs and cattle while others regard eating animals as normal, so eating whales is almost the same for Japanese too. Whale dietary culture has begun from â€Å"around 1952, whale meat was officially included in school lunch-boxes nationwide, staying there for a couple of decades† according to Blok (56). Consequently, older generations in Japanese society widely share memories of eating the meat of whales during childhood. It is said that â€Å"Japanese dietary habits have changed drastically, with beef, ork and chicken, taking over and whale-meat all but disappearing, then whale-mean has become a highly â€Å"select† food, usually enjoyed at special occasions or at specific whale cuisine restaurants† (Blok 56). Thus, whale-meat eating became more special, traditional, and valuable action for Japanese, so this tradition should be passed down the generations. Some people might say that Japan is the only country, which is hunting whales, but it is wrong. Actually, Norway, Iceland, and Alaska are hunting whales too though, â€Å"Japan seems to take the blame for all the whaling in the world† (Gardiner 21). He also continued to say â€Å"Greenland, the Faroe Islands and Canada take twice as many whales as Japan. Yet the Japanese are seen as taking more than everyone† (Gardiner 21). It means that maybe the argument of whaling is almost the one-way conversation and other countries ignore a Japanese insistence. Gardiner also said â€Å"many articles written on whaling in major Western magazines seem to have an anti-Japanese bias and such media have manipulated various governments over the years into believing that the majority of New Zealanders oppose whaling† (22). Therefore, unfortunately this makes people get the wrong mpression of Japanese whaling. For preventing this, the media must report opinions of the both sides about whaling and have to stick with a neutral position, so that people also can understand there is a big cultural difference. Whaling is very controversial issue in the world and it is very difficult to say whether that action is right or wrong, because, needless to say, there is a difference in values between the pro-whaling and the anti-whaling communities. However, this essay aimed to dispel the misconception about Japanese values toward whaling and understand their point of view. Then the research supports the idea that whaling should not be banned, because some species of whales are not endangered and furthermore, Japan knows very well about how many whales they can hunt without threatening them with extinction and the country also protects endangered species. In addition, eating whale-meat connects to the Japanese tradition and Japan considers whales as fish compared to Western countries as mammals. Therefore, the essay would like some people to know that these truths and not be manipulated by the biased media. Japanese whaling nas social implications, such as culture, tood, and employment. Some people live because the Job of whaling, so if it is banned, they would lose their jobs and some young people have to leave their town, because they would not be able to get a Job. Therefore, whaling is important for Japan so should not be banned. Furthermore, it is important to educate the Western world about this topic, because there are many values in this world, so people must not to be biased when they think about a world issue. Then discussing and exchanging views of the both sides with each other not by attacking mentally and physically would also create cross-cultural nderstanding. How to cite Whaling: One of the Big Issues in the World, Papers

An Anomaly in Business Leadership free essay sample

Jobs also co-founded and served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios; he became a member of the board of directors of The Walt Disney Company in 2006, when Disney acquired Pixar. Steve Job’s Career and Route to Success In 1972, Steve Jobs dropped out of Reed College in Portland, Oregon at the age of 17. He spent several years traveling in India (dabbling in spiritual attainment and Zen) and working at Atari before founding Apple Computer with Steve Wozniak in 1976. In 1980, Apple Computer became a publicly traded corporation and in 1983, Jobs persuaded John Sculley from Pepsi-Cola to join and run Apple as the CEO. The first commercially successful computer with a graphical user interface from Apple was called the Macintosh, and was launched in 1984. Unfortunately for Jobs, The computer industry hit a sales slump in 1984, and Apple was forced to conduct significant layoffs. The stress of the situation strained Job’s relationship with other Apple executives and in May 1985, after an internal power struggle, he was stripped of his duties by John Sculley (Apple CEO, 1983 1993) and ousted from Apple. Jobs went on to found NeXT Computer later in 1985, which was also in the business of developing and commercializing computers. The company struggled to thrive when their expensive computers failed to fit mainstream wallets and needs. NeXT eventually transitioned into a software-only company. In 1986, Jobs co-founded (with Edwin Catmull) Pixar, which became very famous and successful nearly a decade later with the breakthrough feature movie Toy Story. In 1996, Apple bought NeXT for $402 million, bringing Jobs back to the company he founded. He became Apple’s Interim CEO in 1997, upon the departure of Gil Amelio (Apple CEO, 1996 1997). The â€Å"Interim† was dropped from his title in 2000 and he officially became the CEO of Apple Inc. The company subsequently branched out, with the iPod portable music player, iTunes digital music software, and the iTunes Store, bringing revolutionary changes to the consumer electronics and music distribution industry, including the iPhone in 2007. In 2003, Jobs was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. According to Jobs biographer, Walter Isaacson, he initially treated with unproven alternative methods like vegan diet, acupuncture, herbal remedies, juice fasts and bowel cleansings. The alternative treatments did not work, and he was forced to announce a six-month leave of absence in 2009 to undergo a liver transplant. Job’s health continued to deteriorate, and in 2011, Jobs resigned as CEO of Apple but remained with the company as chairman of the companys board. He continued to work for Apple until the day before his death six weeks later. Steve Jobs died at his California home around 3pm on October 5, 2011. Personality Profile â€Å"Steve Jobs is a good example of a person suffering from egocentric narcissistic personality disorder† (Nadler, Relly, 2012). The positive side of productive narcissists is their charismatic and visionary leadership, and ability to give a fresh stimulus to cultural development. The negative side is their intense competitiveness, lack of respect and a strong tendency to damage the established state of affairs. Steve Job’s personality is notable for explosive and vicious temper, obsession with aesthetics over practicality, manipulative wiles, and his famous compulsive perfectionism. Despite these outstanding flaws, the good side of Jobs is as remarkable as the bad. He is extremely charismatic, brilliant, and engaging when not threatened, and a remarkable leader with seemingly limitless energy, leading with strong vision. Many people admire him, if sometimes grudgingly. At the same time the people whom he crosses invariable become mortal enemies. According to the Myers-Briggs type indicator, Steve Jobs is an INTJ (introversion, intuition, thinking, judgment) type personality. According to the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, â€Å"INTJ personalities are one of the rarest of the sixteen personality types, and account for about 1–4% of the population† (Keirsey, David, 1998). According to David Keirsey, INTJs live in the world of ideas and strategic planning. They value intelligence, knowledge, and competence, and typically have high standards in these regards, which they continuously strive to fulfill. To a somewhat lesser extent, they have similar expectations of others. They spend a lot of time inside their own minds, and may have little interest in the other peoples thoughts or feelings. They focus their energy on observing the world, and generating ideas and possibilities. Their mind constantly gathers information and makes associations about it. They are tremendously insightful and usually are very quick to understand new ideas. However, their primary interest is not understanding a concept, but rather applying that concept in a useful way. Other people may have a difficult time understanding an INTJ. They may see them as aloof and reserved. Indeed, the INTJ is not overly demonstrative of their affections, and is likely to not give as much praise or positive support as others may need or desire. That doesnt mean that he or she doesnt truly have affection or regard for others, they simply do not typically feel the need to express it. The above mentioned personality traits can be seen to fit extremely well into many of Steve Job’s actions in his professional life and the myriad stories of how he interacts with the people around him. ? Analysis of His Management Style Steve Job’s management style was harsh and mercurial. His style tends toward throwing temper tantrums and humiliating employees in public. And he has a habit of making decisions, then suddenly changing his mind. Senior management had to endure his temper tantrums often and he created resentment among employees by turning some into stars and insulting others, often reducing them to tears. He is known to winnow out those not smart and psychologically strong enough with harsh methods. For example, he demanded repeatedly that the product design team produce a music player where you can access any piece of music within three clicks, something seemingly impossible at the time. When they came up with a solution, they were told that their solution was shit. A few days later, Jobs took their solution and suggested it back to them. Despite the demanding corporate culture highlighted above, turnover was low. Jobs was a passionate advocate for his vision and incredibly effective at communicating this to shareholders, customers and staff. According to a headhunter who has worked extensively with Apple to hire engineers, It is a happy place in that it has true believers and People join and stay because they believe in the mission of the company, even if they arent personally happy (Lashinsky, Adam, 2011). This is because, at the core of all the turmoil that his leadership style causes, Steve Jobs is a Transformational Leader. According to Bernard M. Bass, transformational leadership can be defined based on the impact that it has on followers. Transformational leaders, Bass suggested, garner trust, respect and admiration from their followers. Bass also suggested that there were four different components of transformational leadership: 1. Intellectual Stimulation – Transformational leaders not only challenge the status quo; they also encourage creativity among followers. The leader encourages followers to explore new ways of doing things and new opportunities to learn. We can see from Steve Job’s behavior that he does indeed have this effect on his followers, although it can be argued that he often forces rather than encourages creativity. 2. Individualized Consideration – Transformational leadership also involves offering support and encouragement to individual followers. In order to foster supportive relationships, transformational leaders keep lines of communication open so that followers feel free to share ideas and so that leaders can offer direct recognition of each followers unique contributions. This is a trait many would say Steve Jobs clearly lacks. However, there is evidence (from interviews with Michael Dhuey, Lead Designer of the Mackintosh II iPod, Venturebeat Magazine, 25 Aug 2011) that Jobs does cultivate closed groups of highly capable individuals with whom he has stable, friendly and amicable relationships. These groups often form the core design teams of his visionary products. 3. Inspirational Motivation – Transformational leaders have a clear vision that they are able to articulate to followers. These leaders are also able to help followers experience the same passion and motivation to fulfill these goals. This is a hallmark of Steve Job’s leadership and is abundantly evident across all his achievements. 4. Idealized Influence – The transformational leader serves as a role model for followers. Because followers trust and respect the leader, they emulate this individual and internalize his or her ideals. It is said that Jobs is more than a brand he is a personality cult. He was certainly a role model for many people in his organization (else they would have been fired before long). This was mentioned earlier in the statements by the headhunter (Happy place true believers). There is another school of thought that the difference in vision and creativity between Steve Jobs and other business leaders was his spirituality – an aspect that has never been discussed extensively. It is never mentioned in conventional management, MBA courses or anything of the sort, but some believe that Steve Jobs had a strong spiritual side to his personality makeup. According to Amanda Andrews (Steve Jobs, Apple’s iGod: Profile, The Daily Telegraph 2009), he travelled to India in mid-1974 to visit Neem Karoli Baba at his Kainchi Ashram in search of spiritual enlightenment. He stayed in India for 7 months, and returned to the US with his head shaved and wearing traditional Indian clothing. He also became a serious practitioner of Zen Buddhism, engaged in lengthy meditation retreats at the Tassajara Zen Mountain Center, the oldest Soto Zen monastery in the US. He considered taking up monastic residence at Eihei-Ji in Japan, and maintained a lifelong appreciation for Zen. Jobs would later say that people around him who did not share his countercultural roots could not fully relate to his thinking. Steve Jobs has always been considered an anomaly in management; his leadership style was something to admire or to criticize, but definitely not to replicate. He did not fit into the frameworks of business textbooks: there was orthodox management, and then there was Steve Jobs† (Verganti, Roberto, 2011). Conclusion Steve Job’s business and technology accomplishments should serve as a great inspiration. As Bill Gates wrote, â€Å"The world rarely sees someone who has had the profound impact Steve has had, the effects of which will be felt for many generations to come. However, don’t allow Steve Job’s success to lure you into adopting (or accepting) his unique management style. Practiced anywhere else, his style would be an instant recipe for alienating coworkers and stoking workplace discontent. He was Steve Jobs, and you are not. Nor am I, unfortunately. Despite Job’s obvious success at Apple, the company’s growth is not due to Jobs alone. The media typically creates an impression that Jobs is the only one who does anything at Apple, but one man doesn’t run the whole company. It can be argued that the company recognized and leveraged his amazing strengths while tolerating his undesirable attributes. But when all is said, it was his sheer genius combined with his ability to articulate his vision and bring staff, investors and customers along on the journey plus the lessons learned in a major career setback that made it work. The results: indisputable.

Scrooges wealth Essay Example

Scrooges wealth Paper During staves 3 and 4 it is shown that although the poor cannot be compared with the amount of wealth Scrooge has, their moral richness is far more larger than Scrooges wealth. Everybody had something to say about it, but nobody said or thought it was at all a small pudding for a large family. It would have been flat heresy to do so. Any Cratchit would have blushed to hint at such a thing. this quotation shows how the Cratchit family do not want to hurt each others feelings and have a sense of what is right and in this case what is right to say and what is not. Furthermore the Cratchit family are very religious because they think saying anything bad about themselves is religiously bad and therefore avoid saying anything offensive. This shows their moral richness, and that although they are poor they have more of a sense of moral rightness than rich people. In addition to this the poor have a great commitment to their family; Martha, who was a poor apprentice at a milliners, then told them what kind of work she had to do, and how many hours she worked at a stretch, and how she meant to lie a-bed tomorrow morning for a good rest; tomorrow being a holiday she passed at home. We will write a custom essay sample on Scrooges wealth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Scrooges wealth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Scrooges wealth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This shows that the poor have more of a commitment to their family, therefore love their family very much. Also this quote shows that the disadvantaged do not take their job for granted like people from the upper class do. Mrs Cratchit cares a lot for her family as she is constantly worrying whether her family will be able to live happily in their unfortunate conditions: Mrs Cratchit left the room alone-too nervous to bear witnesses-to take the pudding up, and bring it in suppose it should not be enough! This citation shows that Mrs Cratchit cares a lot for her family, and though they are living in intolerable circumstances she still tries to make the best out of the things that are available to her family. Another extract that supports this matter is this: Cratchits wife, dressed out but poorly in a twice-turned gown, but brave in ribbons, which are cheap and make a goodly show for six pence. This shows that though the Cratchit family are poor Mrs Cratchit does try and make herself as much as presentable to society as possible, even if it is cheaply. All of this helps to sustain the idea that although the Cratchits are poor, they still try and make the most of their situations and if they have got money, even a little, then they will try and make the most of it by spending it for their family. This contrasts with Scrooge who doesnt want to spend his money, even though hes got the cash. Martha didnt like to see him disappointed, if it were only a joke; so she came out prematurely from the closet door, and ran into his arms. this quotation definitely shows that the Cratchit family love each other very much and the way Charles Dickens writes about this shows the love that Martha and her father share even though they are living in poor conditions. This contrasts with the absence of love and gratitude in the rich who do not care about the poor. Furthermore when the Christmas spirit takes Scrooge to show his future, Scrooges death and Tiny Tims death make a huge contrast because when Scrooge had died nobody was aware of it, apart from the paupers who had come to take his fine belongings. However, when Tiny Tim had died his whole entire family was near him and had mourned for him. This makes a huge contrast because it shows that Scrooge had no one to take care of him whilst he was on his death bed with rats thriving on his body, whereas Tiny Tim had his whole family with him when he died. It shows that though Scrooge is very rich he didnt have anyone for comfort because of his egotistical character, whereas Tiny Tim was a good person even though he was poor. It makes a contrast because it shows that though Scrooge is filthy rich he cannot buy the love the Cratchits have for each other. Throughout the whole novel Dickens exemplifies, through different characters, what the attitude towards the poor should be like. In stave 1 Marley gives an advice to Scrooge towards the poor advising him to care for them. Mankind was my business. This quote shows that Marley is trying to tell Scrooge that one individual is responsible for every individual in society and if this warning is ignored, because they are blinded by ignorance and want, then that person will suffer an afterlife similar to Marleys: I wear the chain I forged in life. Marley is suffering the consequences of being like Scrooge now in his afterlife. Moreover the Christmas spirit shows Scrooges lonely death when they travel to the future and shows him that he is dead on his bed. a gray-haired rascal, nearly seventy years of age the author is trying to teach scrooge a lesson that if he continues to be heartless towards the poor then nobody would care for him and during his death he would be left alone like the Christmas spirit was showing him presently. Furthermore, towards the end of the novel the ghost tries to make Scrooge feel guilty for what he had done to underprivileged in the past. The phantom tries to show Scrooge how because of him the poor are living in unbearable conditions, but are still grateful for everything they have. The ghost does receive Scrooges attention to how he is responsible for the things he had done to the poor: Spirit! said Scrooge, Show me no more! Conduct me home. Why do you delight to torture? This extract shows that Scrooge is feeling culpable for the things he had done to the unfortunate; before he looked at them with scorn and disgust but now he considers watching the poor and the ghosts of his past in agony, deeming it as torture for himself. This may be a jovial, comic ghost story, but it is also a very serious description of Victorian social attitudes towards society. Charles Dickens makes it very clear of the results of disregarding his caution towards the underprivileged: Most of all beware this boy, for on his brow I see that written which is doom unless the writing be erased. From this quote you can see evidently that Charles Dickens is trying to send a message to us, the readers of the novel, that if we as human beings continue to ignore the poor then doom will be written in our fate. The message that Charles Dickens is trying to send us through this book is that the rich and middle class should not ignore the poor or they will suffer greatly for their actions in their afterlife. This message is relevant in todays society that does not believe in an afterlife. This is because although there are people drifting away from the religious side of life there are still religious people who exist in society who believe in these sort of messages that there should not be any sort of inequality in society-both status wise and race wise. Also though there may be non-religious people or atheists in society who dont really abide by rules and regulations of a religion, but, they still have morals and a sense of feeling of how they should treat the poor. Therefore whether you look at it in a religious point of view or a non-religious point of view you will still find that such morals and messages are still significant in todays world.

Hamlet And T.S. Eliot Essays - Characters In Hamlet, Eliot Family

Hamlet And T.S. Eliot Essays - Characters In Hamlet, Eliot Family Hamlet And T.S. Eliot Over time many opinions have been formed about William Shakespeares work Hamlet. Yet through the quagmire of confusion surrounding the tragedy none have spoken than T.S. Eliot. Eliot sees hamlet as somewhat of an artistic failure due to its confusion between the main plot and the main character. In his analysis Eliot recalls the work of other authors who have talked the subject of Hamlet. He states that many authors connect with Hamlet and dont come to realize their own creative potential. These men come to think of the drama as a classic and therefore see it as an extension of there own artistic ability. Eliot also realizes that in the case of Hamlet interpretation is futile and that only criticism is relevant. Interpretation comes with a certain understanding of the nature of the work and a basis on the history surrounding the tragedy. Through searching and digging many scholars have found the historical relevance behind Hamlet, but Eliots belief is that the public as a whole was to be left ignorant of this information and in turn was not meant to fully understand the full scope of the play. Eliots idea is valid and it has many good points, but I tend to disagree with him. It is true that much of the story line in Hamlet is confusing and that the emphasis shifts numerous times from the actual plot to the actions of the main character, but I find that to be what draws me towards the story. The play is time less to me, but not for this time. For those people who lived in the Elizabethan era it may have been a little more straightforward, but to us it seems to have lost its hold and our understanding.

Visiting the city Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Visiting the city - Essay Example A week-long trip to New York City would cost about $2,000, including flight, vehicle rental and hotel accommodations (Travel.com). Betty Beaumont is one of the original supporters of environmental art and has used nature and natural landscapes in many of her original pieces (Betty Beaumont Ocean Landscapes). New York City is on the east coast of the United States in the state of New York. As a fashion and tourist capital of the world, New York City has a vast array of resident ethnic groups that have infused the city with their diverse cultures and numerous native cuisines. Many architectural monuments, such as the Empire State Building and the Statue of Liberty, are located in this great city as well as the world famous Broadway theatre district and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The city is partitioned into five boroughs, the main borough being Manhattan, an island and the main hub of the city. The overall climate is seasonal, the winter months being November through February and each season following the basic four-month structure. Betty Beaumont used 17,000 coal fly-ask bricks measuring 8x8x16 inches to create the â€Å"Ocean Landmark† sculpture (Betty Beaumont: The Oceans).

Loan process - Small Business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Loan process - Small Business - Case Study Example The process therefore is as follows: - Assessment of credit factors: - credit factors are majorly the factors that are considered by the financial institutions or credit providers before they extend their loans to any business venture. It depends much on the amount required and whether you can provide security for the funds borrowed. They include factors such as credit worthiness of the small business. To an extent, this is looked at with reference to Current Assets and Current Liabilities with the business (Harper, 2006). More assets with less debts means the firm is a going concern and the difference would tell us the extent of liquidity of the business. The business should also consider if it has partners that can act as the business guarantors. Lenders are also very keen on how the funds if given out would be managed. If they detect they would be embezzled then they would rather keep them than give out as loans (Harper, 2006). The second step is the determination of why the small business needs financing: - here, assessment of the current financial situation is mandatory. The owners should be in the position of knowing whether they are comfortable in their current situation or not, they should also be able to know why they need the cash i.e. for expanding operations or for managing risks, the urgency of the needed money should also be of importance to the owners. The most critical in this part is to know the extent to which finance requirement agrees with the business plan (Green, 2011). A plan is the tool to convince any lender and a small business without this should strive to have one to be in a position to convince investors who may be willing to engage their funds in such ventures. The third step is the Checklist for Business Loans: this is based on the fact that businesses have diverse areas to obtain funds. This part only helps us decide where to get our loans after considering factors such as interest rates and loan repayment periods vs. the cash fl ows to be received from the business and the frequencies of such flows. This is dictated by the listing of the business by the business lister depending on their performance in the market (Harper, 2006). The question of whether a loan will be provided from the institution where the business applies from depends on whether a conclusive and relevant document is submitted to the lending agency. Some agencies normally accept some documents of application and do not accept others (Green, 2011). General documents entail; personal backgrounds of the business, resumes to tell about the business profile, a business plan which is the most fundamental for any financial provider, both personal and business credit reports and lastly a collateral security report and legal documents showing the legal existence of the business (Harper, 2006). The forth step is that the owners of the business need to make a very detailed submission of the business as any information ignored might be of interest to t he lender and this may jeopardize there willingness to advance such loans. With respect to your application, it is also important to state the industry that your business target as well as those which poses threats to your business (Harper, 2006). This again will help your lender to make informed decision regarding the prevailing circumstances on whether to advance the loan or not. A loan application

Analyze the Japanese-American Internment (War Relocation Camps, 1942) Research Paper

Analyze the Japanese-American Internment (War Relocation Camps, 1942) In the Years of WWII - Research Paper Example Prior to identifying the reasons based on which, the Japanese-American Internment was created during the years of WWII, it will be vital to mention that the decision for creating as well as executing such a power was made by the 32nd US President, Mr. Franklin Delano Roosevelt. It is strongly believed that power of the Japanese-American Internment was mainly created to address the issue of anti-Japanese sentiment with instant and severe action. The belief of the Americans regarding the Japanese people towards supporting in making effective planning with the motive of attacking Pearl Harbor eventually fuelled the issue, and urged the need for creating Japanese-American Internment. Besides, the Japanese-American Internment was also created for preventing further surveillance conducted by Japanese Americans living in the US. After the assault on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese American based community leaders and the people alleged to have collaboration with Japan were arrested. Acquiring a brief idea about the Japanese-American Internment, it becomes apparent that the said approach was mainly utilized for declaring that the individuals belonging to Japanese lineage were barred from the entire Pacific Coast, encompassing California and most of the regions of Washington as well as Oregon. The Japanese-American Internment approach was utilized for putting an end to the rising tensions prevailing between the then international relations of the US and Japan following the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Impact of Adolescent Anxiety Disorders on Education

Impact of Adolescent Anxiety Disorders on Education An exploration of the impacts of adolescent anxiety disorders on secondary educational outcomes. The context and initial broad area / theme for study The board theme of this study is to explore the types of anxiety disorders experienced by adolescents and the impact this has on their education. The study will also look at implications of anxiety on classroom teachers looking at strategies in which they can try and reduce anxiety and improve educational outcomes. The research will then focus more sharply on school refusal. Considering the possible reasons and causes of school refusal and the impacts school refusal can have on educational, social and lifelong outcomes. The research will take a critical approach to literature already written in this area to draw out any common themes in cases of school refusal. The research will also analyse the literature to examine any practical approaches on how to encourage these pupils to attend school and improve their educational and life experiences. Review of key readings that underpin the investigation What is anxiety and what are the types of anxiety disorders? The Department of Education (2016) offers brief definitions of anxiety and the types of anxiety disorders experienced in childhood and adolescents. This is also supported by the World Health Organisation (2016) and the ICD10 diagnostic tool as well as the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health (DSM-5). Anxiety is defined as an emotional disorder which has an array of symptoms including; breathlessness, fearful, irritability, panicky, fidgety, sickness, tense or having difficulty sleeping. These references will be used as a first point of call in defining and laying out the symptoms of the types of anxiety disorders experienced by adolescents and children. Criticisms of diagnostic tools mental health is a complex phenomenon in which we have relatively little understanding. The diagnostic tool is a classificatory system and Banzato (2008) states that the diagnostic categories failed to be validated and a large debate around the classifications descends around the separation of the boundaries between different disorders. This suggests that using the diagnostic tools on their own may lead to an over identification of mental health disorders, classifying behaviours that dont necessarily need to be classified will increase the diagnoses of disorders. Further criticisms as well as support of the DSM-5 has been offered by NHS England (2013) who state that there are two main interrelated criticisms, for example, during the revision process of DSM-V to the DSM-5 pharmaceutical industry had a large influence on what was to be included. In addition, the DSM-5 contributes to the medicalisation of behaviour and mood that would not necessarily have or need a diagnosis. Morris and March (2004) offers an in-depth discussion of childhood anxiety disorders including; Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Specific Phobia, School Refusal, Separation Anxiety Disorder, Social Anxiety disorder, OCD, Panic disorder and PSD. The discussions and findings in this book are supported by Beidel and Alfano (2011). These sources will also be used in the defining of mental health disorders in children and young people. These sources also provide useful information on prevalence rates as well as the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders. Prevalence and statistics around anxiety in childhood and adolescents Merikangas, Et al (2010) Anxiety disorders were the most common condition (31.9%) the median age of onset for this disorder was 6 years old. Lifetime prevalence 25.1% of 13-18-year-old. Statistical difference in sex with females at 30.1% and males at 20.3%. United States. Department of Health (2015) 3.3% or about 290,000 children and young people have an anxiety disorder. Exposure to bullying is also associated with elevated rates of anxiety, depression and self-harm in adulthood. Goodman and Scott (2012) anxiety disorders, affect roughly 4-6% of the general population. Roughly 5% of referrals to child and adolescent mental health services present with refusal to attend school associated with anxiety or misery. Around 4-8% of children and adolescents have clinically signià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cant anxiety disorders that cause substantial distress or interfere markedly with everyday life. This makes anxiety disorders the second commonest group of psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents. The effects of gender and age on prevalence vary from one anxiety disorder to another. The three most common anxiety disorders are specià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ c phobias, separation anxiety disorder and generalised anxiety disorder. Social anxiety disorder and panic disorder are less common, as is post-traumatic stress disorder. Criticism of these statistics statistics such as these have played an important role in the development of mental health policies (Banzato, 2008). However, geographical and cultural variations in the use of the diagnostic tools means comparisons across/within countries, regions and cultures is difficult (Banzato, 2008). School Refusal What is it? What causes it? Statistics surrounding it. Thambirajah et al (2008) Most children and young people go through occasional, infrequent and temporary non-attendance in school at some point in their school career. School attendance (children can be educated at home if approved by the LEA education officer) in the UK is compulsory for all young people under the age of 16 (young people under 18 have to be in some sort of Education, Training or Work). The issue of school attendance is currently at the focus of intense activity in schools, LEAs and the press. The most recent media interest surrounds the removal of children and young people from school for family holidays. This, until recently, resulted in fines given to parents/carers of these children. The term school refusal has been used to refer to the group of children who are reluctant to or fail to attend school for emotional reasons (Thambirajah et al, 2008). Thambirajah et al, (2008) clarifies the different terms used to describe different groups of children who fail to att end school, these terms are based around the core characteristics as they are currently understood by authorities and researchers and include; truancy, parentally condoned absence, school phobia, separation anxiety and school refusal. Official figures do not take school refusal into account and therefore there are no official estimates of the extent of the problem. As well as this it is hard for professionals and teachers to be aware of the problem this is due to; lack of awareness of the extent and impact of school refusal, difficulties in distinguishing school refusal from other groups, invisibility of these children, excluding medical conditions, blaming parents. Kahn and Nursten (1968) also provide an in depth analysis of the psychosocial problems that can lead to school refusal. Kearney (2008) states that there are a range of contextual risk factors as well as psychological factors can lead to school refusal and high absent rates include; homelessness and poverty, teenage pregnancy, school violence and victimisation, school climate and connectedness, parental involvement, family and community variables. Lignefeller and Hartung (2015) Discuss various statistics surrounding school refusal in the US and the factors that surround school refusal. These can include; School safety, bullying, pressure of academic achievement. The article then looks into the problems that school refuser face due to the lack of attendance. Implications and treatments for school refusal are also discussed. The findings in this article are supported by Nuttall and Woods (2013). Kearney and Bates (2005) provides a summary of the characteristics of youths with school refusal behavior and explores the common assessment and treatment methods that have been designed to curb this behavior. Kearney (2006) evaluated The School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised (SRAS-R). This is an instrument designed to evaluate the relative strength of four functional conditions of school refusal behavior in youth. Despite the presence of a small number of items that may detract from the scale, strong support was found overall for the four-factor structures of the SRAS-R-C and SRAS-R-P. These data provide support for the functional model of school refusal behavior in general and the discriminant validity of the SRAS-R in particular. School Refusal Implications Sewell (2008) states that school refusal can have significant short term and long term consequences, for example; poor academic performance, family difficulties, worsening peer relationships, academic underachievement, employment difficulties and increased risk of psychiatric illnesses. Supported by Maynard et al. (2015). School Refusal Interventions/treatments Lauchlan (2003) discusses the effectiveness of interventions and the reasons for successes and failures. There are a range of interventions and treatments for example; relaxation training, cognitive restricting or self-statement training, exposure, medication, social skills training, parent/teacher training etc. This articles provides a summary and critical analysis of the above interventions. Lingenfelter and Hartung (2015) provides a critical analysis of this and states that there is a strong focus on therapy and counselling with trying to treat school refusal behaviors. These can be supplemented with medication. Revised research question From my initial review of the literature there are clear and defined areas of research conducted in this area. However, due to the comprehensive nature of the research in this area, there seems to be a lack of clarity surrounding three particular areas. Therefore, my revised research questions are: What is known to be the main reasons behind school refusal in children and young people? What is known to be the implications for children and young peoples educational outcomes as a result of school refusal? What are the different treatment/intervention strategies for school refusers and how effective are these? Rationale for the research design For this research project I have chosen to do a systematic review of the literature. The main reasons for choosing this type of research design is the sensitive nature of the topic (anxiety disorders) and the barriers that would be placed in doing primary research with students with anxiety issues. In addition, there is already a wide selection of literature on this topic area however, there is a lack of drawing this literature together to critically analyses it from different perspectives. Systematic reviews are attempts to review and synthesis existing research in order to answer specific research/review questions (Andrews, 2005). This area has been the center of ongoing in depth research from early 1930s to the present day. The research looks into the various reasons for school refusal (although this has been acknowledged that each case is individual, there are a variety of common themes that have emerged). The research has also investigated several treatments or interventions of school refusal. However, there is little research that draws these ideas together and critically analyse them. The large amount of research in the area means that creating more primary research would be pointless, instead I believe that there is a need to draw this literature together to compare, co ntrast and analyse it and this would be more beneficial to this area of research. This idea is supported by Klaveren and Inge De Wolf (2013) who states that systematic reviews give structure to the findings of larger amounts of empirical studies and act as an informant to the reader on the results and effectiveness of previous studies. Systematic reviews are often viewed in a skeptical way, especially in the field of educational research. For example, Andrews (2005) questions the idea of reviewing research, he suggests that not all research is worth reviewing and therefore a systematic review can place importance on less significant research. In addition, Bryman (2012) states that there are suggestions of applicability of a systematic review to certain types of literature. This is due to early systematic reviews being concerned with the exploration of certain independent variables and their effects. However, Bryman (2012) also states that there has been a shift in the use of systematic reviews and that they are now considered useful tools in a range of research areas. In addition, Mulrow (1994) states that professionals, researchers and policy makers need systematic reviews to be able to efficiently integrate existing information and provide data for rational decision making. Mulrow (1994) also states that the expl icit methodology used in a systematic review limits bias and, hopefully, will improve the reliability and accuracy of the conclusions drawn. Bryman (2012) states that due to the transparency of the methodology adopted and outlined in the research, it provides a degree of replicability to the study and therefore increasing the validity and reducing the bias of the study. Due to the nature of this research, ethical issues are kept to a minimum. No human participants will be used in this research and participants from the articles analysed are already anonymised and informed consent was obtained. Additionally, there is no need to gain gatekeepers permission for the use of the articles in the study as they are available on the internet. The articles are accessed via institutional log-on but can be purchased by the public. To reduce ethical issues further I will take care to be professional in my writing/reporting for example by criticising the literature politely and in a constructive manner. References Andrews, R. (2005) The place of systematic reviews in education research, British Journal of Educational Studies, Vol. 53, No. 4, PP 399-416 Banzato, C. (2008) Critical evaluation of current diagnostic systems, Indian Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 50, No. 3, PP 155-157 [accessed 21/12/2016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2738361/] Beidel, D., Alfano, C. (2011) Child Anxiety Disorders: A Guide to Research and Treatment, Routledge: London Bryman, A. (2012) Social Research Methods, Oxford University Press: New York Department of Education (2016) Mental health and behaviour in schools: Departmental advice for school staff, Department of Education: London Department of Health and NHS England (2015) Future in mind Promoting, protecting and improving our children and young peoples mental health and wellbeing, Department of Health: London Goodman, R., Scott, S. (2012) Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Wiley Sons: Chichester Kahn, J., Nursten, J. (1968) Unwillingly to School, school phobia or school refusal, a medico-social problem, Pergamon Press: Oxford Kearney, C., Bates, M. (2005) Addressing School Refusal Behaviour: Suggestions for Frontline Professionals, Children and Schools, Vol. 27, No. 4, PP 207-216 Kearney, C. (2006) Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised: Child and Parent Versions, Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, Vol. 28, No. 3, PP 139-144 Kearney, C. (2008) School absentesim and school refusal behaviour in youth: A contemporary review, Clinical Psychology Review 28, PP 451-471 Klaveren and De Wolf (2013) Systematic Reviews in Education Research: When Do Effect Studies Provide Evidence?, Working Papers 46, Top insitute for evidence based education research. Lauchlan, F. (2003) Responding to chronic non-attendance: a review of intervention approaches, Educational Psychology in Practice, Vol. 19, No. 2, PP 133-146 Lingenfelter, N., Hartung, S. (2015) School Refusal Behaviour, NASN School Nurse, Vol. 30, No. 5, PP 269-273 Maynard, B., Brendel, K., Bulanda, J., Heyne, D., Thompson A., Pigott T. (2015) Psychosocial Interventions for School Refusal with Primary and Secondary School Students: A Systematic Review, Campbell Systematic Reviews, Merikangas, K., He, J., Burstein, M., Swanson, S., Avenevoli, S., Cui, L., Benjet, C., Georgiades, K., Swendsen, J. (2010) Lifetime Prevalance of Mental Disorders in US Adolescents: Results from the National Comorbidity Study-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol. 49, No. 10, PP 980-989 Morris, T., March, J. (2004) Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents, The Guildford Press: London Mulrow, C. (1994) Systematic Reviews: Rationale for systematic reviews, British Medical Journal, Vol. 309, PP 597-599 NHS England (2013) News analysis: Controversial mental health guide DSM-5, [ accessed 07/01/2017 http://www.nhs.uk/news/2013/08August/Pages/controversy-mental-health-diagnosis-and-treatment-dsm5.aspx] Sewell, J. (2008) School Refusal, Australian Family Physician, Vol. 37, No. 4, PP 406-408 Thambirajah, M., Grandison, K., De-Hayes, L. (2008) Understanding school refusal: A handbook for professionals in education, health and social care, Jessica Kingsley Publishers: London World Health Organisation (2016) International Classifications of Diseases ICD10, Neurotc, Stress-related and somatoform disorders (F40-F48) [Accessed 20/12/2016: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en#/F40-F48]

Surfing :: Informative, Expository

Surfing The intent of this paper is to introduce the reader to surfing. There are many things to learn about surfing such as its history, surf gear, and safety hints.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Surfing is a water sport that involves planing, â€Å"in a controlled way,† on the sloping portion of a wave as it moves toward shore. The most basic form of the sport is body surfing. It is done without a board. A person first swims toward shore â€Å"to equal the wave speed.† Then the person stiffens the body in order to â€Å"plane† on the front of the wave. Surfing is basically the same as body surfing. The only difference is, instead of stiffening the body, the surfer must stand on a surfboard.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the middle 1950's, surfboards were made of heavy wood. They were handmade and required alot of sanding and filing to make the boards smooth. Today's surfboards are manufactured in a factory using light balsa wood or fiberglass and polyurethane. An added benefit of using these materials is a great reduction in the weight of the boards.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Surfing is becoming more popular each year. For safety, new surfers must be good swimmers. Boards should be checked for cracks and slivers before each use. All surfers should check the water conditions posted at the life guard station before entering the water. Surfing should only be done during the daylight hours and when other people are present. A new beginning surfboard costs $50.00 to $70.00. A helpful device is a leash which attaches around the wrist with velcro to the board. In this way, the board will not drift away from the surfer. A good leash costs $7.00 to $11.00. Surfers might also want to